值友翻译：《Runner’sWorld》关于跑鞋的五大常见误区

小编注：之前值友@Granis为大家翻译的《专题：中国最全翻译－<Runner’sWorld>2015秋季新品跑鞋评测及选购指南》颇受欢迎，今天作者又为大家带来了《5 Common MythsAbout Running Shoes》的文章翻译，告诉你关于跑鞋的5大误区，快来看看，你中枪了么？

原文来源：runnersworld.com

原文标题：5 Common Myths About Running Shoes

原文链接：http://www.runnersworld.com/the-shoe-room/5-common-myths-about-running-shoes

副标题：为什么“常识”往往会有所不足

原文《5 Common MythsAbout Running Shoes》，来自跑者世界英文官网

There is a best running shoe. 存在一双最好的跑鞋

“What is the top running shoe now?” I’ve been asked this question too manytimes. It would be nice to be able to name a best shoe every year, give a starrating (4 out of 5), or even put a simple “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” on newmodels.

“目前最好的跑鞋是什么？”我被问了太多次这样的问题。如果能确定每年的年度最佳跑鞋那就好了，或者给一个星级评分（例如4/5星），甚至是简单粗暴地对每个新型号竖起拇指或竖起小指（译者注：这里按国人习惯换了手势）。

Unfortunately, it isn’t that simple. Running shoes are designed for different types of people, strides, feet, andtypes of running. What may be my “perfect” shoe (itself a myth, we’ll get tothat latter), may be completely wrong for you. The very characteristics I like in a shoe may make it uncomfortable for you. When Runner’sWorld gives a shoe an award like “Editor’s Choice” all itmeans is that it works well for what it is designed to do and was rated highlyby many testers.

遗憾的是，事情没这么简单。跑鞋是为不同类型的跑者、跑姿、足型和不同类型的跑步项目设计的。对我来说“最完美”的那双跑鞋（这一点其实也是个误区，我们稍后会谈到），对你来说可能完全不合适。我个人偏好的跑鞋特征，反而可能导致你的不舒适。当跑者世界给跑鞋评奖例如“编辑之选奖”时，代表的只是这双鞋很好地完成了它的设计目标，并且被许多测试者打了高分。

Bottom Line: Runningshoes and runners are too diverse to be able to provide an overall ranking or ratings of shoes. The only questiona shoe guide or shoe guy can help with is, “Would this shoe work for someonelike me?”

概要：有太多种类型的跑鞋和跑者，以至于无法给一双鞋一个完全性的评比或评分。一篇跑鞋指南或者一个懂鞋的人能帮你解决的问题只有“这双鞋适合我这样的跑者吗？”

2. All Nikes are created equal. 所有耐克鞋都生而平等(或Brooks, Asics, New Balances等等的跑鞋)

How many times have you heard runners say, “I only run in Asics,” or “What do you think of Mizunos?”

你有多少次听到跑者们说，“我只穿ASICS跑步”，或者“你觉得美津浓怎么样”？

Brand actually tells you very little about a shoe because every
brand has a range of shoes for a variety of runners, from minimal racers to
motion-control masters. What is
true is that each company has their own unique lasts–the foot-shaped mold a
shoe is built around. Thus, if one Adidas shoe fits your arch height, foot
curve, and toe length, another with the same last will likely feel right, too.

一双跑鞋的品牌能告诉你的信息实际上是非常少的，因为每个品牌都有为各种跑者设计的各式跑鞋，从极简的竞速鞋到控制系的重量级跑鞋不一而足。真正没错的是每个公司都有他们独一无二的鞋楦——制鞋时用的仿足型模具。因此，如果一双阿迪鞋能符合你的足弓高度、足型曲度和脚趾长度，另一双使用相同鞋楦的鞋也会同样合适。

But every company also has multiple lasts for different shoe categories. TheBrooks Pure Connect last differs greatly from the Adrenaline last, for example. The New Balance Zante is built on a different last than the 860. And companies change designs regularly, so what you liked last year might not be true anymore.

但每个公司也都有为不同种类的鞋设计的各式鞋楦。例如，Brooks的Pure Connect（译者注：鼓励自然跑的Pure系列中最轻量、最赤足化的型号）所用的鞋楦和Adrenaline（译者注：老牌的次顶级支撑系跑鞋）的天差地别，New Balance的Zante（译者注：一双轻量训练/竞速鞋）和860（译者注：在NB中是历史较长的支撑系慢跑鞋了）所用的鞋楦不同。而且跑鞋公司经常改变设计，所以去年你喜欢的可能到了今年就成了明日黄花。

Bottom Line: Blind brand loyalty or distrust is counterproductive. Every shoe company makes a variety of models that differ in performance an（卧槽这什么鬼bug，这里有字母d就报错）d fit.

概要：盲目的品牌粉或品牌黑只会适得其反。每个跑鞋公司都会生产各式各样不同表现、不同鞋形的跑鞋。

3. A shoe is a prescription.一双跑鞋是一剂处方

Here’s a typical story: Jane starts running, wearing her department store sneakers. She develops some small pains and decides to get real running shoes. At a specialty store, she gets “fitted” by a shoe salesman, diagnosed as an overpronater with weak ankles. She’s told she needs this specific type of shoe, or even a specific model.

Too often, Jane then carries this “prescription” with her for years, believing that this shoe is the only one she should run in.

以下是个经典的故事：Jane在刚开始跑步时，穿的是百货公司买的胶底鞋。她在跑步中有了一些小伤病，决定去买双真正的跑鞋。在一家专卖店，一个售货员对她进行了“鉴定”，诊断她为过度内旋、脚踝力量不足。她被告知她需要穿着特定类型的跑鞋，甚至是某个特定的型号。

太多时候，Jane就从此经年累月地带着这剂“处方”生活，相信这双鞋是她的真命天子。

The specialty shoe store can often help you find the right category of shoes that may work best for you, and some runners do have genetic characterizations (like the geometry and angles of your ankle bones) which may predispose them to certain problems. But many other factors affect your gait and the type of shoes you need, and these factors can and do change over time. Factors like how much you weigh, your muscular strengths, range of motion, balance, stride habits, efficiency, and speed.

跑鞋专卖店往往能帮助你找到可能最适合你的一类鞋，而且一些跑者确实因他们独特的基因特征（例如踝骨的几何结构和角度）可能易发某一特定损伤。但其他的许多因素也会影响你的跑姿以及你适合的跑鞋类型，而这些因素能够并且确实随时间不断改变,例如你的体重、肌肉力量、关节活动度、平衡性、跑步习惯、跑步效率和跑步速度。

What is more, that original “prescription” may not have been as accurate as you think. Assessing a running stride is a difficult task. “You could take 10 physical therapists, 10 podiatrists, and 10 rehab doctors and have them look at a runner on a treadmill and you’ll get 30 different descriptions of what they see and the significance of what they see,” says Paul Langer, president of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine and avid runner himself.

而且，最初的这剂“处方”可能没你想象的那么准确，检测跑姿是一项艰巨的任务。“你可以找10个理疗学家、10个足病医师、10个康复医师来观察一个跑步机上的跑者，然后你会得到30个哈姆雷特。” American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine（直译为美国足科运动医学学会）的主席、本人也是跑步迷的Paul Langer如是说。

Plus, ongoing research by biomechanist Benno Nigg indicates that the best method for evaluating shoes may be whether they are comfortable for you–if they feel right on the run.

另外，由生物力学家Benno Nigg牵头的研究表明，评估一双鞋最好的方法可能是看你是否感觉舒适——穿它们跑步时是否感觉良好。

Bottom Line: Finding the right shoes for you is a personal and ongoing challenge. You need to experiment to find what works, and as your fitness and running characteristics change, your shoes can and should change as well.

概要：找到合适的鞋是一项个人化的、永无止歇的艰巨任务。你需要去亲身体验来发现哪些鞋是合适的，而如果你的身体条件和跑步特点变化了，你的跑鞋也会并且也应该一起改变。

4. Monogamy is a virtue.专一性是一种美德

When it comes to relationships, monogamy keeps you out of trouble. When it comes to shoes, monogamy can hurt you. Once they’ve experimented with several models, many runners find one shoe they like and state their lifelong loyalty. They then run in the same shoe every day, replace them with the same model and even stockpile them for the coming apocalypse of discontinuation.

涉及人际关系时，专一性能让你远离麻烦。但说到跑鞋，专一性却会让你受伤。很多跑者一旦穿过许多跑鞋之后，就找到了他们的所爱，并确立了终身性的忠诚。之后他们每天都穿相同的跑鞋跑步，穿旧了就用相同的型号更换，甚至会囤积将要停产的型号。

But running in different shoes can make you stronger, faster, and less prone to injury. Studies show correlations between running in a variety of footwear and reduced injuries. Every time you put on a different pair of shoes, your interaction with the ground changes slightly, thus you stride differently. This strengthens new muscles and connective tissues while reducing the repetitive stress on the same body parts.

然而，穿不同的鞋跑步能让你更强壮、跑得更快并且更不容易受伤。研究表明，穿不同跑鞋跑步和降低受伤率有相关性。每次你穿不同的鞋跑步时，你和地面的交互作用就会轻微地变化，因此你的跑姿就会变化。这样就能增强新的肌肉和结缔组织，并且降低同一身体部位的重复应力。

Bottom line: Play the field with shoes. You can do this at the same time (have a different pair for speedwork than for long runs, for example) and consecutively–try a different pair when you replace your shoes. So many shoes, so little time.

概要：对跑鞋脚踏多条船。你可以在同一段时期内做这件事（例如，为速跑准备一双和长跑不一样的鞋），并且持续性地做这件事——当你需要更换跑鞋时尝试一下不同的型号。时间何其少，跑鞋何其多。

5. Shoes can make you fast.跑鞋能让你更快

It’s the oldest and most persistent myth about shoes. The right shoes will put jets on your feet, propel you to PRs, and place you on the podium.

这是关于跑鞋的最古老、最顽固的误区了：好的跑鞋能让你脚踩风火轮，创造新PR（译注：PersonalRecord，个人最好成绩），走上奖台巅峰。

The truth is that great shoes can make you feel fast, protect you from some of the stress of running, and stay out of the way–not interfering with your stride or weighing you down. But running prowess comes from your muscles and heart and lungs, developed by running often.

事实是，优秀的跑鞋能给你速度感，减少跑步中的某些压力，然后就不再挡你的路——不干扰你的跑姿，不拖累你前进。但优秀的跑步能力来源于你的肌肉和心肺，由经常性的跑步训练而强化。

Bottom Line: The only feature on a shoe that can truly make you faster is wear.

概要：跑鞋唯一能真正使你变快的方法，是让你穿上它去跑。

不能算附录的附录：

一个公司制鞋的“戏路”能有多宽？（当年看到“一个演员的戏路能有多宽”的图结尾的郭达•斯坦森笑喷了，大概VFF就算是跑鞋界的杰森。但大多公司都有不错的演员修养）原文给了4双NB鞋的图以佐证并不是所有NB鞋生而平等，4双里每一双都有不同的鞋楦和不同的脚感。译者才疏学浅认不全型号，这里以个人比较熟悉的Mizuno举例补上